Where’s the beef? Under the solar panels.

A 3.25-megawatt solar project in Christiana, Tennessee, now hosts a 15-member herd of Murray Grey cattle, marking the first commercially viable utility-scale solar and cattle farming combination in the U.S. The cows graze in 15 paddocks beneath elevated solar panels, munching on shade-tolerant Bermuda grass while avoiding damage to the equipment. The project aims to address land-use conflicts by allowing dual use of space for clean energy and agriculture, a growing concern as solar expansion faces local opposition over landscape changes.

Silicon Ranch designed the system with minimal cost increases, adding just 3% to the standard project cost to fortify the arrays for cattle presence. The company sold power to Middle Tennessee Electric at rates cheaper than wholesale prices from the Tennessee Valley Authority, demonstrating economic viability. Researchers note that grasses and some crops grow better in partial shade, but cattle-friendly solar has been rare due to concerns about equipment damage from large animals.

The project uses patented CattleTracker technology, which limits the rotation of solar panels to 20-30 degrees during grazing to keep the lower edges above the cattle’s reach. Standard solar trackers tilt up to 60 degrees, but the modified system allows workers and cattle to move beneath the panels with minimal clearance. The design reduces the need for tall, steel-heavy supports, cutting costs while maintaining stability.

The herd consists of Murray Grey cattle, chosen for their calm temperament, low height, and ability to fatten on grass alone without feedlot stops. Silicon Ranch Chief Commercial Officer Matt Beasley highlighted the need for shade in pastures, noting that cattle naturally congregate around trees for relief. The project reflects broader trends in cattle farming, as nationwide herd numbers hit a 75-year low due to drought, pushing ranchers in wetter regions like Tennessee to explore new opportunities.