How worried should you be about West Nile virus?
California reports a sharp rise in West Nile virus activity in 2024, with over 250 infected dead birds and a tenfold increase in positive mosquito pools compared to 2025, raising concerns about climate-driven transmission.
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Dr. Justin Remais, chair of UC Berkeley’s Division of Environmental Health Sciences, highlights a significant increase in West Nile virus activity in California this year, with more than 250 dead birds testing positive as of mid-July, up from 50 last year. Los Angeles County alone reported 67 positive mosquito pools, a tenfold rise from just six at this time in 2025. The virus, primarily transmitted by infected Culex mosquitoes, has also resulted in five human cases in Southern and Central California, compared to three in 2025. Remais notes that while most infections are asymptomatic, severe neurological complications can occur in less than 1% of cases.
West Nile virus is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the contiguous U.S., with transmission closely tied to seasonal mosquito activity. The virus cycles between mosquitoes and birds, particularly corvids like crows and jays, before occasionally infecting humans. Research by Remais’s team found that transmission risk in Los Angeles sharply increases when average temperatures rise above 70–73°F, a threshold that coastal Southern California communities often hover near. With climate change expected to push temperatures higher, these regions may face greater vulnerability to sustained transmission over the coming decades.
Public health officials emphasize that most West Nile virus infections (over 75%) produce no symptoms, while mild cases resemble flu-like illness with fever, headache, and fatigue. Severe cases, affecting about 1 in 150 infected individuals, can lead to encephalitis or meningitis, with symptoms including high fever, neck stiffness, and neurological complications. No human vaccines or specific treatments exist; management focuses on supportive care. The CDC advises avoiding mosquito bites through repellents, protective clothing, and eliminating standing water, as dead birds can signal early virus activity.
High-risk groups include adults over 60 and individuals with underlying conditions such as diabetes or compromised immune systems. While human-to-human transmission is rare, the virus can spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or from mother to baby. Health departments automatically report confirmed cases to monitor trends. Authorities urge the public to report dead birds—especially corvids—to local health agencies and seek medical attention for severe symptoms, as early intervention is critical.